4世紀和5世紀愛爾蘭基督化後在愛爾蘭形成了由修道院、傳道士和王國組成的文化。但隨著維京人的入侵這個文化受到衝擊。1169年和1171年諾曼人佔領愛爾蘭，英格蘭開始在愛爾蘭的文化和政治中占支配作用。但到1609年為止愛爾蘭仍然是由許多王國組成的，一直到1609年英格蘭才完全佔領愛爾蘭。
1801年以前，愛爾蘭由一個由新教徒支配的愛爾蘭議會統治，這個議會擁有相當大的自治權，但新教徒在愛爾蘭屬少數人。1801年愛爾蘭議會被解散，愛爾蘭成為大不列顛和愛爾蘭聯合王國的一部分。
在政治和武力鬥爭後，1921年，愛爾蘭島南部的26個郡從英國獨立，愛爾蘭共和國成立，北部的其它郡依然是聯合王國的一部分。北愛爾蘭的天主教徒和新教徒之間的爭執至今未能解決，從1960年代開始這個爭執惡化為危機，到今天這個問題依然是愛爾蘭與英國的外交關係和愛爾蘭內部政治的一個懸而未決的問題。
1922年後愛爾蘭南部在此後的幾個十年中始終面臨著巨大的經濟困難，大量居民外移。從1990年代開始，愛爾蘭共和國的經濟不斷發展。
The Wind that Shakes the Barley －Robert Dwyer Joyce
I sat within the valley green I sat me with my true love.
My sad heart strove the two between The old love and the new love.
The old for her the new That made me think on Ireland dearly.
While the soft wind blew down the glade and shook the golden barley.
T'was hard the woeful words to frame To break the ties that bound us.
But harder still to bear the shame of foreign chains around us.
And so I said the mountain glen I'll meet at morning early.
And I'll join the bold united men While soft winds shook the barley.
T'was sad I kissed away her tears My fond arm round her flinging.
When a foe, man's shot burst on our ears From out the wild woods ringing.
A bullet pierced my true love's side In life's young spring so early.
And on my breast in blood she died While soft winds shook the barley.
But blood for blood without remorse I've ta'en at oulart hollow.
I've lain my true love's clay like corpse Where I full soon must follow.
Around her grave I've wandered drear Noon, night, and morning early.
With breaking heart when e'er I hear The wind that shakes the barley.
當淚水滴落在兩座海島
在政治和武力鬥爭後，1921年，愛爾蘭島南部的26個郡從英國獨立，愛爾蘭共和國成立，北部的其它郡依然是聯合王國的一部分。北愛爾蘭的天主教徒和新教徒之間的爭執至今未能解決，從1960年代開始這個爭執惡化為危機，到今天這個問題依然是愛爾蘭與英國的外交關係和愛爾蘭內部政治的一個懸而未決的問題。
1922年後愛爾蘭南部在此後的幾個十年中始終面臨著巨大的經濟困難，大量居民外移。從1990年代開始，愛爾蘭共和國的經濟不斷發展。
The Wind that Shakes the Barley －Robert Dwyer Joyce
I sat within the valley green I sat me with my true love.
My sad heart strove the two between The old love and the new love.
The old for her the new That made me think on Ireland dearly.
While the soft wind blew down the glade and shook the golden barley.
T'was hard the woeful words to frame To break the ties that bound us.
But harder still to bear the shame of foreign chains around us.
And so I said the mountain glen I'll meet at morning early.
And I'll join the bold united men While soft winds shook the barley.
T'was sad I kissed away her tears My fond arm round her flinging.
When a foe, man's shot burst on our ears From out the wild woods ringing.
A bullet pierced my true love's side In life's young spring so early.
And on my breast in blood she died While soft winds shook the barley.
But blood for blood without remorse I've ta'en at oulart hollow.
I've lain my true love's clay like corpse Where I full soon must follow.
Around her grave I've wandered drear Noon, night, and morning early.
With breaking heart when e'er I hear The wind that shakes the barley.
當淚水滴落在兩座海島
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